diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index a3c0ebd..bee71d1 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
         SpaceCadetPinball/loader.h
         SpaceCadetPinball/maths.cpp
         SpaceCadetPinball/maths.h
-        SpaceCadetPinball/memory.cpp
-        SpaceCadetPinball/memory.h
         SpaceCadetPinball/midi.cpp
         SpaceCadetPinball/midi.h
         SpaceCadetPinball/nudge.cpp
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/GroupData.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/GroupData.cpp
index 2cce846..96912d4 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/GroupData.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/GroupData.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "fullscrn.h"
 #include "gdrv.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "zdrv.h"
 
 
@@ -13,10 +12,15 @@ EntryData::~EntryData()
 	if (Buffer)
 	{
 		if (EntryType == FieldTypes::Bitmap8bit)
-			gdrv::destroy_bitmap(reinterpret_cast<gdrv_bitmap8*>(Buffer));
+		{
+			delete reinterpret_cast<gdrv_bitmap8*>(Buffer);
+		}
 		else if (EntryType == FieldTypes::Bitmap16bit)
-			zdrv::destroy_zmap(reinterpret_cast<zmap_header_type*>(Buffer));
-		memory::free(Buffer);
+		{
+			delete reinterpret_cast<zmap_header_type*>(Buffer);
+		}
+		else
+			delete[] Buffer;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -40,8 +44,8 @@ void GroupData::AddEntry(EntryData* entry)
 			if (srcBmp->BitmapType == BitmapTypes::Spliced)
 			{
 				// Get rid of spliced bitmap early on, to simplify render pipeline
-				auto bmp = memory::allocate<gdrv_bitmap8>();
-				auto zMap = memory::allocate<zmap_header_type>();
+				auto bmp = new gdrv_bitmap8(srcBmp->Width, srcBmp->Height, srcBmp->Width);
+				auto zMap = new zmap_header_type(srcBmp->Width, srcBmp->Height, srcBmp->Width);
 				SplitSplicedBitmap(*srcBmp, *bmp, *zMap);
 
 				NeedsSort = true;
@@ -97,13 +101,11 @@ void GroupData::SplitSplicedBitmap(const gdrv_bitmap8& srcBmp, gdrv_bitmap8& bmp
 {
 	assertm(srcBmp.BitmapType == BitmapTypes::Spliced, "GroupData: wrong bitmap type");
 
-	gdrv::create_bitmap(&bmp, srcBmp.Width, srcBmp.Height, srcBmp.Width);
 	std::memset(bmp.IndexedBmpPtr, 0xff, bmp.Stride * bmp.Height);
 	bmp.XPosition = srcBmp.XPosition;
 	bmp.YPosition = srcBmp.YPosition;
 	bmp.Resolution = srcBmp.Resolution;
-
-	zdrv::create_zmap(&zMap, srcBmp.Width, srcBmp.Height, srcBmp.Width);
+	
 	zdrv::fill(&zMap, zMap.Width, zMap.Height, 0, 0, 0xFFFF);
 	zMap.Resolution = srcBmp.Resolution;
 
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/TLightBargraph.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/TLightBargraph.cpp
index 041f4e3..3098078 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/TLightBargraph.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/TLightBargraph.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "control.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "timer.h"
 #include "TPinballTable.h"
 
@@ -17,11 +16,11 @@ TLightBargraph::TLightBargraph(TPinballTable* table, int groupIndex) : TLightGro
 		float* floatArr = loader::query_float_attribute(groupIndex, 0, 904);
 		if (floatArr)
 		{
-			int count = 2 * List.size();
-			TimerTimeArray = memory::allocate<float>(count);
+			auto count = 2 * List.size();
+			TimerTimeArray = new float[count];
 			if (TimerTimeArray)
 			{
-				for (int i = 0; i < count; ++floatArr)
+				for (auto i = 0u; i < count; ++floatArr)
 					TimerTimeArray[i++] = *floatArr;
 			}
 		}
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@ TLightBargraph::TLightBargraph(TPinballTable* table, int groupIndex) : TLightGro
 
 TLightBargraph::~TLightBargraph()
 {
-	if (TimerTimeArray)
-		memory::free(TimerTimeArray);
+	delete[] TimerTimeArray;
 }
 
 int TLightBargraph::Message(int code, float value)
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/TPinballTable.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/TPinballTable.cpp
index f995b91..62148f7 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/TPinballTable.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/TPinballTable.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "control.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 #include "pinball.h"
 #include "render.h"
@@ -194,18 +193,18 @@ TPinballTable::TPinballTable(): TPinballComponent(nullptr, -1, false)
 
 TPinballTable::~TPinballTable()
 {
-	for (int scoreIndex = 0; scoreIndex < 4; scoreIndex++)
+	for (auto& PlayerScore : PlayerScores)
 	{
-		memory::free(PlayerScores[scoreIndex].ScoreStruct);
+		delete PlayerScore.ScoreStruct;
 	}
 	if (ScorePlayerNumber1)
 	{
-		memory::free(ScorePlayerNumber1);
+		delete ScorePlayerNumber1;
 		ScorePlayerNumber1 = nullptr;
 	}
 	if (ScoreBallcount)
 	{
-		memory::free(ScoreBallcount);
+		delete ScoreBallcount;
 		ScoreBallcount = nullptr;
 	}
 	delete LightGroup;
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBox.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBox.cpp
index 7044770..086a430 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBox.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBox.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void TTextBox::Clear()
 	gdrv_bitmap8* bmp = BgBmp;
 	if (bmp)
 		gdrv::copy_bitmap(
-			&render::vscreen,
+			render::vscreen,
 			Width,
 			Height,
 			OffsetX,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void TTextBox::Clear()
 			OffsetX,
 			OffsetY);
 	else
-		gdrv::fill_bitmap(&render::vscreen, Width, Height, OffsetX, OffsetY, 0);	
+		gdrv::fill_bitmap(render::vscreen, Width, Height, OffsetX, OffsetY, 0);	
 	if (Timer)
 	{
 		if (Timer != -1)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void TTextBox::Draw()
 	auto bmp = BgBmp;
 	if (bmp)
 		gdrv::copy_bitmap(
-			&render::vscreen,
+			render::vscreen,
 			Width,
 			Height,
 			OffsetX,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ void TTextBox::Draw()
 			OffsetX,
 			OffsetY);
 	else
-		gdrv::fill_bitmap(&render::vscreen, Width, Height, OffsetX, OffsetY, 0);
+		gdrv::fill_bitmap(render::vscreen, Width, Height, OffsetX, OffsetY, 0);
 
 	bool display = false;
 	while (Message1)
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ void TTextBox::Draw()
 		{
 			gdrv::grtext_draw_ttext_in_box(
 				Message1->Text,
-				render::vscreen.XPosition + OffsetX,
-				render::vscreen.YPosition + OffsetY,
+				render::vscreen->XPosition + OffsetX,
+				render::vscreen->YPosition + OffsetY,
 				Width,
 				Height,
 				255);
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ void TTextBox::Draw()
 					auto height = charBmp->Height;
 					auto width = charBmp->Width;
 					if (render::background_bitmap)
-						gdrv::copy_bitmap_w_transparency(&render::vscreen, width, height, offX, y, charBmp, 0,
+						gdrv::copy_bitmap_w_transparency(render::vscreen, width, height, offX, y, charBmp, 0,
 						                                 0);
 					else
-						gdrv::copy_bitmap(&render::vscreen, width, height, offX, y, charBmp, 0, 0);
+						gdrv::copy_bitmap(render::vscreen, width, height, offX, y, charBmp, 0, 0);
 					font = Font;
 					offX += charBmp->Width + font->GapWidth;
 				}
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBoxMessage.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBoxMessage.cpp
index 975fe00..8d45d91 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBoxMessage.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/TTextBoxMessage.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "TTextBoxMessage.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 
 TTextBoxMessage::TTextBoxMessage(char* text, float time)
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ TTextBoxMessage::TTextBoxMessage(char* text, float time)
 	if (text)
 	{
 		const auto textLen = strlen(text) + 1;
-		Text = memory::allocate(textLen);
+		Text = new char[textLen];
 		if (Text)
 			strncpy(Text, text, textLen);
 	}
@@ -21,8 +20,7 @@ TTextBoxMessage::TTextBoxMessage(char* text, float time)
 
 TTextBoxMessage::~TTextBoxMessage()
 {
-	if (Text)
-		memory::free(Text);
+	delete[] Text;
 }
 
 float TTextBoxMessage::TimeLeft() const
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.cpp
index b906799..759bbc5 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "gdrv.h"
 
 #include "GroupData.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "partman.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 #include "score.h"
@@ -10,77 +9,74 @@
 
 ColorRgba gdrv::current_palette[256]{};
 
-int gdrv::create_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, int width, int height, int stride, bool indexed)
+gdrv_bitmap8::gdrv_bitmap8(int width, int height, bool indexed)
 {
 	assertm(width >= 0 && height >= 0, "Negative bitmap8 dimensions");
 
-	bmp->Width = width;
-	bmp->Height = height;
-	bmp->Stride = width;
-	bmp->BitmapType = BitmapTypes::DibBitmap;
-	bmp->Texture = nullptr;
-
-	if (stride >= 0)
-		bmp->IndexedStride = stride;
-	else
-	{
-		bmp->IndexedStride = width;
-		if (width % 4)
-			bmp->IndexedStride = width - width % 4 + 4;
-	}
+	Width = width;
+	Height = height;
+	Stride = width;
+	IndexedStride = width;
+	BitmapType = BitmapTypes::DibBitmap;
+	Texture = nullptr;
+	IndexedBmpPtr = nullptr;
+	XPosition = 0;
+	YPosition = 0;
+	Resolution = 0;
 
 	if (indexed)
-		bmp->IndexedBmpPtr = memory::allocate(bmp->Height * bmp->IndexedStride);
-	bmp->BmpBufPtr1 = memory::allocate<ColorRgba>(bmp->Height * bmp->Stride);
-	if (bmp->BmpBufPtr1)
-	{
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return -1;
+		IndexedBmpPtr = new char[Height * IndexedStride];
+	BmpBufPtr1 = new ColorRgba[Height * Stride];
 }
 
-int gdrv::create_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8& bmp, const dat8BitBmpHeader& header)
+gdrv_bitmap8::gdrv_bitmap8(const dat8BitBmpHeader& header)
 {
 	assertm(header.Width >= 0 && header.Height >= 0, "Negative bitmap8 dimensions");
 
 	if (header.IsFlagSet(bmp8Flags::Spliced))
-		bmp.BitmapType = BitmapTypes::Spliced;
+		BitmapType = BitmapTypes::Spliced;
 	else if (header.IsFlagSet(bmp8Flags::DibBitmap))
-		bmp.BitmapType = BitmapTypes::DibBitmap;
+		BitmapType = BitmapTypes::DibBitmap;
 	else
-		bmp.BitmapType = BitmapTypes::RawBitmap;
+		BitmapType = BitmapTypes::RawBitmap;
 
-	bmp.Width = header.Width;
-	bmp.Stride = header.Width;
-	bmp.IndexedStride = header.Width;
-	bmp.Height = header.Height;
-	bmp.XPosition = header.XPosition;
-	bmp.YPosition = header.YPosition;
-	bmp.Resolution = header.Resolution;
-	bmp.Texture = nullptr;
+	Width = header.Width;
+	Stride = header.Width;
+	IndexedStride = header.Width;
+	Height = header.Height;
+	XPosition = header.XPosition;
+	YPosition = header.YPosition;
+	Resolution = header.Resolution;
+	Texture = nullptr;
 
 	int sizeInBytes;
-	if (bmp.BitmapType == BitmapTypes::Spliced)
+	if (BitmapType == BitmapTypes::Spliced)
 	{
 		sizeInBytes = header.Size;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if (bmp.BitmapType == BitmapTypes::RawBitmap)
-			assertm(bmp.Width % 4 == 0 || header.IsFlagSet(bmp8Flags::RawBmpUnaligned), "Wrong raw bitmap align flag");
-		if (bmp.Width % 4)
-			bmp.IndexedStride = bmp.Width - bmp.Width % 4 + 4;
-		sizeInBytes = bmp.Height * bmp.IndexedStride;
+		if (BitmapType == BitmapTypes::RawBitmap)
+			assertm(Width % 4 == 0 || header.IsFlagSet(bmp8Flags::RawBmpUnaligned), "Wrong raw bitmap align flag");
+		if (Width % 4)
+			IndexedStride = Width - Width % 4 + 4;
+		sizeInBytes = Height * IndexedStride;
 		assertm(sizeInBytes == header.Size, "Wrong bitmap8 size");
 	}
 
-	bmp.IndexedBmpPtr = memory::allocate(sizeInBytes);
-	bmp.BmpBufPtr1 = memory::allocate<ColorRgba>(bmp.Stride * bmp.Height);
-	if (bmp.BmpBufPtr1)
+	IndexedBmpPtr = new char[sizeInBytes];
+	BmpBufPtr1 = new ColorRgba[Stride * Height];
+}
+
+gdrv_bitmap8::~gdrv_bitmap8()
+{
+	if (BitmapType != BitmapTypes::None)
 	{
-		return 0;
+		delete[] BmpBufPtr1;
+		delete[] IndexedBmpPtr;
+		if (Texture)
+			SDL_DestroyTexture(Texture);
 	}
-	return -1;
 }
 
 int gdrv::display_palette(ColorRgba* plt)
@@ -139,24 +135,6 @@ int gdrv::display_palette(ColorRgba* plt)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-
-int gdrv::destroy_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp)
-{
-	if (!bmp)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (bmp->BitmapType != BitmapTypes::None)
-	{
-		memory::free(bmp->BmpBufPtr1);
-		if (bmp->IndexedBmpPtr)
-			memory::free(bmp->IndexedBmpPtr);
-		if (bmp->Texture)
-			SDL_DestroyTexture(bmp->Texture);
-	}
-	memset(bmp, 0, sizeof(gdrv_bitmap8));
-	return 0;
-}
-
 void gdrv::fill_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, int width, int height, int xOff, int yOff, uint8_t fillChar)
 {
 	auto color = current_palette[fillChar];
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.h
index f8038fb..e0da784 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/gdrv.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ static_assert(sizeof(ColorRgba) == 4, "Wrong size of RGBA color");
 
 struct gdrv_bitmap8
 {
+	gdrv_bitmap8(int width, int height, bool indexed);
+	gdrv_bitmap8(const struct dat8BitBmpHeader& header);
+	~gdrv_bitmap8();
 	ColorRgba* BmpBufPtr1;
 	char* IndexedBmpPtr;
 	int Width;
@@ -49,7 +52,6 @@ struct gdrv_bitmap8
 	int XPosition;
 	int YPosition;
 	unsigned Resolution;
-	//ColorRgba* RgbaBuffer;
 	SDL_Texture* Texture;
 };
 
@@ -57,9 +59,6 @@ struct gdrv_bitmap8
 class gdrv
 {
 public:
-	static int create_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, int width, int height, int stride = -1, bool indexed = true);
-	static int create_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8& bmp, const struct dat8BitBmpHeader& header);
-	static int destroy_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp);
 	static int display_palette(ColorRgba* plt);
 	static void fill_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, int width, int height, int xOff, int yOff, uint8_t fillChar);
 	static void copy_bitmap(gdrv_bitmap8* dstBmp, int width, int height, int xOff, int yOff, gdrv_bitmap8* srcBmp,
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/loader.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/loader.cpp
index 66aea80..a9a0e2a 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/loader.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/loader.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "GroupData.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 #include "pinball.h"
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2963b9c..0000000
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#include "pch.h"
-#include "memory.h"
-
-size_t memory::use_total;
-int memory::critical_allocation;
-void (*memory::critical_callback)();
-std::map<void*, size_t> memory::alloc_map{};
-
-void memory::init(void (*callback)())
-{
-	critical_callback = callback;
-}
-
-char* memory::allocate(size_t size)
-{
-	auto buf = static_cast<char*>(malloc(size));
-	if (!buf)
-	{
-		if (critical_allocation && critical_callback)
-			critical_callback();
-		return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	use_total += size;
-	alloc_map[buf] = size;
-	return buf;
-}
-
-void memory::free(void* buf)
-{
-	auto alloc = alloc_map.find(buf);
-	if (alloc == alloc_map.end())
-	{
-		assertm(false, "Unknown memory type");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	use_total -= alloc->second;
-	std::free(alloc->first);
-}
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c63ad5..0000000
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/memory.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <map>
-
-class memory
-{
-public:
-	static void init(void (*callback)(void));
-	static char* allocate(size_t size);
-	static void free(void* buf);
-
-	template <typename T>
-	static T* allocate(size_t count = 1, size_t add = 0)
-	{
-		size_t size = sizeof(T) * count + add;
-		auto buf = static_cast<T*>(malloc(size));
-		if (!buf)
-		{
-			if (critical_allocation && critical_callback)
-				critical_callback();
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		use_total += size;
-		alloc_map[buf] = size;
-		return buf;
-	}
-
-	template <typename T>
-	static T* realloc(T* buf, size_t size)
-	{
-		if (!buf)
-			return reinterpret_cast<T*>(allocate(size));
-
-		auto alloc = alloc_map.find(buf);
-		if (alloc == alloc_map.end())
-		{
-			assertm(false, "Unknown memory type");
-			return buf;
-		}
-
-		auto newBuf = static_cast<T*>(std::realloc(alloc->first, size));
-		if (!newBuf)
-		{
-			if (critical_allocation && critical_callback)
-				critical_callback();
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		use_total += size - alloc->second;
-		alloc_map.erase(alloc);
-		alloc_map[newBuf] = size;
-		return newBuf;
-	}
-
-	static size_t use_total;
-	static int critical_allocation;
-private:
-	static void (*critical_callback)();
-	static std::map<void*, size_t> alloc_map;
-};
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/options.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/options.cpp
index 3806b5b..bf884a6 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/options.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/options.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "options.h"
 
 #include "fullscrn.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "midi.h"
 #include "Sound.h"
 #include "winmain.h"
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/options.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/options.h
index 87c86cb..16f2a06 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/options.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/options.h
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <map>
 
 enum class Menu1:int
 {
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/partman.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/partman.cpp
index a8189ae..2033f81 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/partman.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/partman.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include "gdrv.h"
 #include "GroupData.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "zdrv.h"
 
 short partman::_field_size[] =
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ DatFile* partman::load_records(LPCSTR lpFileName, bool fullTiltMode)
 
 	if (header.Unknown)
 	{
-		auto unknownBuf = memory::allocate(header.Unknown);
+		auto unknownBuf = new char[header.Unknown];
 		if (!unknownBuf)
 		{
 			fclose(fileHandle);
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ DatFile* partman::load_records(LPCSTR lpFileName, bool fullTiltMode)
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 		fread(unknownBuf, 1, header.Unknown, fileHandle);
-		memory::free(unknownBuf);
+		delete[] unknownBuf;
 	}
 
 	datFile->Groups.reserve(header.NumberOfGroups);
@@ -75,13 +74,8 @@ DatFile* partman::load_records(LPCSTR lpFileName, bool fullTiltMode)
 				assertm(bmpHeader.Size + sizeof(dat8BitBmpHeader) == fieldSize, "partman: Wrong bitmap field size");
 				assertm(bmpHeader.Resolution <= 2, "partman: bitmap resolution out of bounds");
 
-				auto bmp = memory::allocate<gdrv_bitmap8>();
-				entryData->Buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(bmp);
-				if (!bmp || gdrv::create_bitmap(*bmp, bmpHeader))
-				{
-					abort = true;
-					break;
-				}
+				auto bmp = new gdrv_bitmap8(bmpHeader);
+				entryData->Buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>(bmp);				
 				fread(bmp->IndexedBmpPtr, 1, bmpHeader.Size, fileHandle);
 			}
 			else if (entryType == FieldTypes::Bitmap16bit)
@@ -98,8 +92,7 @@ DatFile* partman::load_records(LPCSTR lpFileName, bool fullTiltMode)
 				fread(&zMapHeader, 1, sizeof(dat16BitBmpHeader), fileHandle);
 				auto length = fieldSize - sizeof(dat16BitBmpHeader);
 
-				auto zMap = memory::allocate<zmap_header_type>();
-				zdrv::create_zmap(zMap, zMapHeader.Width, zMapHeader.Height, zMapHeader.Stride);
+				auto zMap = new zmap_header_type(zMapHeader.Width, zMapHeader.Height, zMapHeader.Stride);
 				zMap->Resolution = zMapResolution;
 				if (zMapHeader.Stride * zMapHeader.Height * 2u == length)
 				{
@@ -114,7 +107,7 @@ DatFile* partman::load_records(LPCSTR lpFileName, bool fullTiltMode)
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				char* entryBuffer = memory::allocate(fieldSize);
+				auto entryBuffer = new char[fieldSize];
 				entryData->Buffer = entryBuffer;
 				if (!entryBuffer)
 				{
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/pb.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/pb.cpp
index be0287a..b484115 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/pb.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/pb.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "control.h"
 #include "fullscrn.h"
 #include "high_score.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "pinball.h"
 #include "proj.h"
 #include "render.h"
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ int pb::init()
 {
 	float projMat[12], zMin = 0, zScaler = 0;
 
-	++memory::critical_allocation;
 	auto dataFilePath = pinball::make_path_name(winmain::DatFileName);
 	record_table = partman::load_records(dataFilePath.c_str(), FullTiltMode);
 
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ int pb::init()
 
 	render::init(nullptr, zMin, zScaler, resInfo->TableWidth, resInfo->TableHeight);
 	gdrv::copy_bitmap(
-		&render::vscreen,
+		render::vscreen,
 		backgroundBmp->Width,
 		backgroundBmp->Height,
 		backgroundBmp->XPosition,
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ int pb::init()
 
 	high_score::read(highscore_table);
 	ball_speed_limit = MainTable->BallList.at(0)->Offset * 200.0f;
-	--memory::critical_allocation;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -471,11 +468,6 @@ void pb::keydown(int key)
 			strncpy(String1, pinball::get_rc_string(26, 0), sizeof String1 - 1);
 			high_score::show_and_set_high_score_dialog(highscore_table, 1000000000, 1, String1);
 			break;
-		case 'm':
-			char buffer[20];
-			snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, "%zu", memory::use_total);
-			SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox(SDL_MESSAGEBOX_INFORMATION, "Mem:", buffer, winmain::MainWindow);
-			break;
 		case 'r':
 			control::cheat_bump_rank();
 			break;
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/pch.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/pch.h
index 431ac1b..969ad8b 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/pch.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/pch.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <map>
 
 #define SDL_MAIN_HANDLED
 #include "SDL.h"
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/pinball.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/pinball.cpp
index 6ba9f18..384b15a 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/pinball.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/pinball.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "pinball.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "winmain.h"
 
 // Todo: load translations from file
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/render.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/render.cpp
index 51111ce..cb3dda7 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/render.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/render.cpp
@@ -2,49 +2,43 @@
 #include "render.h"
 
 #include "GroupData.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "options.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 #include "TPinballTable.h"
 #include "winmain.h"
 
-int render::many_dirty, render::many_sprites, render::many_balls;
-render_sprite_type_struct **render::dirty_list, **render::sprite_list, **render::ball_list;
+std::vector<render_sprite_type_struct*> render::dirty_list, render::sprite_list, render::ball_list;
 zmap_header_type* render::background_zmap;
 int render::zmap_offset, render::zmap_offsetY, render::offset_x, render::offset_y;
 float render::zscaler, render::zmin, render::zmax;
 rectangle_type render::vscreen_rect;
-gdrv_bitmap8 render::vscreen, *render::background_bitmap, render::ball_bitmap[20];
-zmap_header_type render::zscreen;
+gdrv_bitmap8 *render::vscreen, *render::background_bitmap, *render::ball_bitmap[20];
+zmap_header_type* render::zscreen;
 SDL_Texture* render::vScreenTex = nullptr;
 SDL_Rect render::DestinationRect{};
 
 void render::init(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, float zMin, float zScaler, int width, int height)
 {
-	++memory::critical_allocation;
 	zscaler = zScaler;
 	zmin = zMin;
 	zmax = 4294967300.0f / zScaler + zMin;
-	sprite_list = memory::allocate<render_sprite_type_struct*>(1000);
-	dirty_list = memory::allocate<render_sprite_type_struct*>(1000);
-	ball_list = memory::allocate<render_sprite_type_struct*>(20);
-	gdrv::create_bitmap(&vscreen, width, height, width, false);
-	zdrv::create_zmap(&zscreen, width, height);
-	zdrv::fill(&zscreen, zscreen.Width, zscreen.Height, 0, 0, 0xFFFF);
+	vscreen = new gdrv_bitmap8(width, height, false);
+	zscreen = new zmap_header_type(width, height, width);
+	zdrv::fill(zscreen, zscreen->Width, zscreen->Height, 0, 0, 0xFFFF);
 	vscreen_rect.YPosition = 0;
 	vscreen_rect.XPosition = 0;
 	vscreen_rect.Width = width;
 	vscreen_rect.Height = height;
-	vscreen.YPosition = 0;
-	vscreen.XPosition = 0;
+	vscreen->YPosition = 0;
+	vscreen->XPosition = 0;
 	for (auto& ballBmp : ball_bitmap)
-		gdrv::create_bitmap(&ballBmp, 64, 64, 64, false);
+		ballBmp = new gdrv_bitmap8(64, 64, false);
 
 	background_bitmap = bmp;
 	if (bmp)
-		gdrv::copy_bitmap(&vscreen, width, height, 0, 0, bmp, 0, 0);
+		gdrv::copy_bitmap(vscreen, width, height, 0, 0, bmp, 0, 0);
 	else
-		gdrv::fill_bitmap(&vscreen, vscreen.Width, vscreen.Height, 0, 0, 0);
+		gdrv::fill_bitmap(vscreen, vscreen->Width, vscreen->Height, 0, 0, 0);
 
 	{
 		UsingSdlHint hint{SDL_HINT_RENDER_SCALE_QUALITY, options::Options.LinearFiltering ? "linear" : "nearest"};
@@ -57,25 +51,21 @@ void render::init(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, float zMin, float zScaler, int width, int h
 		);
 		SDL_SetTextureBlendMode(vScreenTex, SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE);
 	}
-	--memory::critical_allocation;
 }
 
 void render::uninit()
 {
-	gdrv::destroy_bitmap(&vscreen);
-	zdrv::destroy_zmap(&zscreen);
-	for (auto i = many_sprites - 1; i >= 0; --i)
-		remove_sprite(sprite_list[i]);
-	for (auto j = many_balls - 1; j >= 0; --j)
-		remove_ball(ball_list[j]);
+	delete vscreen;
+	delete zscreen;
+	for (auto sprite : sprite_list)
+		remove_sprite(sprite, false);
+	for (auto ball : ball_list)
+		remove_ball(ball, false);
 	for (auto& ballBmp : ball_bitmap)
-		gdrv::destroy_bitmap(&ballBmp);
-	memory::free(ball_list);
-	memory::free(dirty_list);
-	memory::free(sprite_list);
-	many_sprites = 0;
-	many_dirty = 0;
-	many_balls = 0;
+		delete ballBmp;
+	ball_list.clear();
+	dirty_list.clear();
+	sprite_list.clear();
 	SDL_DestroyTexture(vScreenTex);
 }
 
@@ -84,10 +74,9 @@ void render::update()
 	unpaint_balls();
 
 	// Clip dirty sprites with vScreen, clear clipping (dirty) rectangles 
-	for (int index = 0; index < many_dirty; ++index)
+	for (auto curSprite : dirty_list)
 	{
 		bool clearSprite = false;
-		auto curSprite = dirty_list[index];
 		switch (curSprite->VisualType)
 		{
 		case VisualTypes::Sprite:
@@ -114,18 +103,17 @@ void render::update()
 			auto width = curSprite->DirtyRect.Width;
 			auto xPos = curSprite->DirtyRect.XPosition;
 			auto height = curSprite->DirtyRect.Height;
-			zdrv::fill(&zscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, 0xFFFF);
+			zdrv::fill(zscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, 0xFFFF);
 			if (background_bitmap)
-				gdrv::copy_bitmap(&vscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, background_bitmap, xPos, yPos);
+				gdrv::copy_bitmap(vscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, background_bitmap, xPos, yPos);
 			else
-				gdrv::fill_bitmap(&vscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, 0);
+				gdrv::fill_bitmap(vscreen, width, height, xPos, yPos, 0);
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Paint dirty rectangles of dirty sprites
-	for (int index = 0; index < many_dirty; ++index)
+	for (auto sprite : dirty_list)
 	{
-		auto sprite = dirty_list[index];
 		if (sprite->DirtyRect.Width > 0 && (sprite->VisualType == VisualTypes::None || sprite->VisualType ==
 			VisualTypes::Sprite))
 			repaint(sprite);
@@ -134,27 +122,26 @@ void render::update()
 	paint_balls();
 
 	// In the original, this used to blit dirty sprites and balls
-	for (int index = 0; index < many_dirty; ++index)
+	for (auto sprite : dirty_list)
 	{
-		auto sprite = dirty_list[index];
 		sprite->DirtyRectPrev = sprite->DirtyRect;
 		if (sprite->UnknownFlag != 0)
-			remove_sprite(sprite);
+			remove_sprite(sprite, true);
 	}
 
-	many_dirty = 0;
+	dirty_list.clear();
 }
 
 void render::sprite_modified(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite)
 {
-	if (sprite->VisualType != VisualTypes::Ball && many_dirty < 999)
-		dirty_list[many_dirty++] = sprite;
+	if (sprite->VisualType != VisualTypes::Ball && dirty_list.size() < 999)
+		dirty_list.push_back(sprite);
 }
 
 render_sprite_type_struct* render::create_sprite(VisualTypes visualType, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, zmap_header_type* zMap,
                                                  int xPosition, int yPosition, rectangle_type* rect)
 {
-	auto sprite = memory::allocate<render_sprite_type_struct>();
+	auto sprite = new render_sprite_type_struct();
 	if (!sprite)
 		return nullptr;
 	sprite->BmpRect.YPosition = yPosition;
@@ -163,7 +150,6 @@ render_sprite_type_struct* render::create_sprite(VisualTypes visualType, gdrv_bi
 	sprite->VisualType = visualType;
 	sprite->UnknownFlag = 0;
 	sprite->SpriteArray = nullptr;
-	sprite->SpriteCount = 0;
 	sprite->DirtyRect = rectangle_type{};
 	if (rect)
 	{
@@ -198,57 +184,41 @@ render_sprite_type_struct* render::create_sprite(VisualTypes visualType, gdrv_bi
 	sprite->DirtyRectPrev = sprite->BmpRect;
 	if (visualType == VisualTypes::Ball)
 	{
-		ball_list[many_balls++] = sprite;
+		ball_list.push_back(sprite);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		sprite_list[many_sprites++] = sprite;
+		sprite_list.push_back(sprite);
 		sprite_modified(sprite);
 	}
 	return sprite;
 }
 
 
-void render::remove_sprite(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite)
+void render::remove_sprite(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, bool removeFromList)
 {
-	int index = 0;
-	if (many_sprites > 0)
+	if (removeFromList)
 	{
-		while (sprite_list[index] != sprite)
-		{
-			if (++index >= many_sprites)
-				return;
-		}
-		while (index < many_sprites)
-		{
-			sprite_list[index] = sprite_list[index + 1];
-			++index;
-		}
-		many_sprites--;
-		if (sprite->SpriteArray)
-			memory::free(sprite->SpriteArray);
-		memory::free(sprite);
+		auto it = std::find(sprite_list.begin(), sprite_list.end(), sprite);
+		if (it != sprite_list.end())
+			sprite_list.erase(it);
 	}
+
+	delete sprite->SpriteArray;
+	delete sprite;
 }
 
-void render::remove_ball(struct render_sprite_type_struct* ball)
+void render::remove_ball(render_sprite_type_struct* ball, bool removeFromList)
 {
-	int index = 0;
-	if (many_balls > 0)
+	if (removeFromList)
 	{
-		while (ball_list[index] != ball)
-		{
-			if (++index >= many_balls)
-				return;
-		}
-		while (index < many_balls)
-		{
-			ball_list[index] = ball_list[index + 1];
-			++index;
-		}
-		many_balls--;
-		memory::free(ball);
+		auto it = std::find(ball_list.begin(), ball_list.end(), ball);
+		if (it != ball_list.end())
+			ball_list.erase(it);
 	}
+
+	delete ball->SpriteArray;
+	delete ball;
 }
 
 void render::sprite_set(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, zmap_header_type* zMap, int xPos,
@@ -322,19 +292,18 @@ void render::repaint(struct render_sprite_type_struct* sprite)
 	rectangle_type clipRect{};
 	if (!sprite->SpriteArray)
 		return;
-	for (int index = 0; index < sprite->SpriteCount; index++)
+	for (auto refSprite : *sprite->SpriteArray)
 	{
-		auto refSprite = sprite->SpriteArray[index];
 		if (!refSprite->UnknownFlag && refSprite->Bmp)
 		{
 			if (maths::rectangle_clip(&refSprite->BmpRect, &sprite->DirtyRect, &clipRect))
 				zdrv::paint(
 					clipRect.Width,
 					clipRect.Height,
-					&vscreen,
+					vscreen,
 					clipRect.XPosition,
 					clipRect.YPosition,
-					&zscreen,
+					zscreen,
 					clipRect.XPosition,
 					clipRect.YPosition,
 					refSprite->Bmp,
@@ -351,9 +320,9 @@ void render::repaint(struct render_sprite_type_struct* sprite)
 void render::paint_balls()
 {
 	// Sort ball sprites by depth
-	for (auto i = 0; i < many_balls; i++)
+	for (auto i = 0u; i < ball_list.size(); i++)
 	{
-		for (auto j = i; j < many_balls / 2; ++j)
+		for (auto j = i; j < ball_list.size() / 2; ++j)
 		{
 			auto ballA = ball_list[j];
 			auto ballB = ball_list[i];
@@ -366,7 +335,7 @@ void render::paint_balls()
 	}
 
 	// For balls that clip vScreen: save original vScreen contents and paint ball bitmap.
-	for (auto index = 0; index < many_balls; ++index)
+	for (auto index = 0u; index < ball_list.size(); ++index)
 	{
 		auto ball = ball_list[index];
 		auto dirty = &ball->DirtyRect;
@@ -374,14 +343,14 @@ void render::paint_balls()
 		{
 			int xPos = dirty->XPosition;
 			int yPos = dirty->YPosition;
-			gdrv::copy_bitmap(&ball_bitmap[index], dirty->Width, dirty->Height, 0, 0, &vscreen, xPos, yPos);
+			gdrv::copy_bitmap(ball_bitmap[index], dirty->Width, dirty->Height, 0, 0, vscreen, xPos, yPos);
 			zdrv::paint_flat(
 				dirty->Width,
 				dirty->Height,
-				&vscreen,
+				vscreen,
 				xPos,
 				yPos,
-				&zscreen,
+				zscreen,
 				xPos,
 				yPos,
 				ball->Bmp,
@@ -399,17 +368,17 @@ void render::paint_balls()
 void render::unpaint_balls()
 {
 	// Restore portions of vScreen saved during previous paint_balls call.
-	for (int index = many_balls - 1; index >= 0; index--)
+	for (int index = static_cast<int>(ball_list.size()) - 1; index >= 0; index--)
 	{
 		auto curBall = ball_list[index];
 		if (curBall->DirtyRect.Width > 0)
 			gdrv::copy_bitmap(
-				&vscreen,
+				vscreen,
 				curBall->DirtyRect.Width,
 				curBall->DirtyRect.Height,
 				curBall->DirtyRect.XPosition,
 				curBall->DirtyRect.YPosition,
-				&ball_bitmap[index],
+				ball_bitmap[index],
 				0,
 				0);
 
@@ -425,51 +394,42 @@ void render::shift(int offsetX, int offsetY)
 
 void render::build_occlude_list()
 {
-	++memory::critical_allocation;
-	render_sprite_type_struct** spriteArr = nullptr;
-	for (int index = 0; index < many_sprites; ++index)
+	std::vector<render_sprite_type_struct*>* spriteArr = nullptr;
+	for (auto mainSprite : sprite_list)
 	{
-		auto mainSprite = sprite_list[index];
 		if (mainSprite->SpriteArray)
 		{
-			memory::free(mainSprite->SpriteArray);
+			delete mainSprite->SpriteArray;
 			mainSprite->SpriteArray = nullptr;
-			mainSprite->SpriteCount = 0;
 		}
 
 		if (!mainSprite->UnknownFlag && mainSprite->BoundingRect.Width != -1)
 		{
 			if (!spriteArr)
-				spriteArr = memory::allocate<render_sprite_type_struct*>(1000);
+				spriteArr = new std::vector<render_sprite_type_struct*>();
 
-			int occludeCount = 0;
-			for (int i = 0; i < many_sprites; ++i)
+			for (auto refSprite : sprite_list)
 			{
-				auto refSprite = sprite_list[i];
 				if (!refSprite->UnknownFlag
 					&& refSprite->BoundingRect.Width != -1
 					&& maths::rectangle_clip(&mainSprite->BoundingRect, &refSprite->BoundingRect, nullptr)
 					&& spriteArr)
 				{
-					spriteArr[occludeCount++] = refSprite;
+					spriteArr->push_back(refSprite);
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (!mainSprite->UnknownFlag && mainSprite->Bmp && occludeCount < 2)
-				occludeCount = 0;
-			if (occludeCount)
+			if (!mainSprite->UnknownFlag && mainSprite->Bmp && spriteArr->size() < 2)
+				spriteArr->clear();
+			if (!spriteArr->empty())
 			{
-				mainSprite->SpriteArray = memory::realloc(spriteArr, sizeof(void*) * occludeCount);
-				mainSprite->SpriteCount = occludeCount;
+				mainSprite->SpriteArray = spriteArr;
 				spriteArr = nullptr;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (spriteArr)
-		memory::free(spriteArr);
-
-	--memory::critical_allocation;
+	delete spriteArr;
 }
 
 void render::SpriteViewer(bool* show)
@@ -575,23 +535,23 @@ void render::BlitVScreen()
 		reinterpret_cast<void**>(&lockedPixels),
 		&pitch
 	);
-	assertm(static_cast<unsigned>(pitch) == vscreen.Width * sizeof(ColorRgba), "Padding on vScreen texture");
+	assertm(static_cast<unsigned>(pitch) == vscreen->Width * sizeof(ColorRgba), "Padding on vScreen texture");
 
 	if (offset_x == 0 && offset_y == 0)
 	{
 		// No offset - direct copy
-		std::memcpy(lockedPixels, vscreen.BmpBufPtr1, vscreen.Width * vscreen.Height * sizeof(ColorRgba));
+		std::memcpy(lockedPixels, vscreen->BmpBufPtr1, vscreen->Width * vscreen->Height * sizeof(ColorRgba));
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		// Copy offset table and fixed side bar
 		auto tableWidth = pb::MainTable->Width;
-		auto scoreWidth = vscreen.Width - pb::MainTable->Width;
+		auto scoreWidth = vscreen->Width - pb::MainTable->Width;
 		auto tableStride = tableWidth * sizeof(ColorRgba);
 		auto scoreStride = scoreWidth * sizeof(ColorRgba);
-		auto srcScorePtr = &vscreen.BmpBufPtr1[tableWidth];
+		auto srcScorePtr = &vscreen->BmpBufPtr1[tableWidth];
 
-		auto xSrc = 0, ySrc = 0, xDst = offset_x, yDst = offset_y, height = vscreen.Height;
+		auto xSrc = 0, ySrc = 0, xDst = offset_x, yDst = offset_y, height = vscreen->Height;
 
 		// Negative dst == positive src offset
 		if (xDst < 0)
@@ -618,8 +578,8 @@ void render::BlitVScreen()
 		if (ySrc)
 			height -= ySrc;
 
-		auto srcBmpPtr = &vscreen.BmpBufPtr1[vscreen.Width * ySrc + xSrc];
-		auto dstPtr = &lockedPixels[vscreen.Width * yDst + xDst];
+		auto srcBmpPtr = &vscreen->BmpBufPtr1[vscreen->Width * ySrc + xSrc];
+		auto dstPtr = &lockedPixels[vscreen->Width * yDst + xDst];
 		for (int y = height; y > 0; --y)
 		{
 			std::memcpy(dstPtr, srcBmpPtr, tableStride);
@@ -627,8 +587,8 @@ void render::BlitVScreen()
 			std::memcpy(dstPtr, srcScorePtr, scoreStride);
 			dstPtr += scoreWidth;
 
-			srcBmpPtr += vscreen.Stride;
-			srcScorePtr += vscreen.Stride;
+			srcBmpPtr += vscreen->Stride;
+			srcScorePtr += vscreen->Stride;
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/render.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/render.h
index 832e604..ba794f4 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/render.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/render.h
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ struct render_sprite_type_struct
 	int ZMapOffestY;
 	int ZMapOffestX;
 	rectangle_type DirtyRect;
-	render_sprite_type_struct** SpriteArray;
-	int SpriteCount;
+	std::vector<render_sprite_type_struct*>* SpriteArray;
 	rectangle_type BoundingRect;
 };
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ struct render_sprite_type_struct
 class render
 {
 public:
-	static gdrv_bitmap8 vscreen, *background_bitmap;
+	static gdrv_bitmap8 *vscreen, *background_bitmap;
 	static SDL_Rect DestinationRect;
 
 	static void init(gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, float zMin, float zScaler, int width, int height);
@@ -41,26 +40,25 @@ public:
 	static render_sprite_type_struct* create_sprite(VisualTypes visualType, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp,
 	                                                zmap_header_type* zMap,
 	                                                int xPosition, int yPosition, rectangle_type* rect);
-	static void remove_sprite(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite);
-	static void remove_ball(struct render_sprite_type_struct* ball);
+	static void remove_sprite(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, bool removeFromList);
+	static void remove_ball(render_sprite_type_struct* ball, bool removeFromList);
 	static void sprite_set(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, zmap_header_type* zMap, int xPos,
 	                       int yPos);
 	static void sprite_set_bitmap(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp);
 	static void set_background_zmap(struct zmap_header_type* zMap, int offsetX, int offsetY);
-	static void ball_set(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, float depth, int xPos, int yPos);	
+	static void ball_set(render_sprite_type_struct* sprite, gdrv_bitmap8* bmp, float depth, int xPos, int yPos);
 	static void shift(int offsetX, int offsetY);
 	static void build_occlude_list();
 	static void SpriteViewer(bool* show);
 	static void PresentVScreen();
 private:
-	static int many_dirty, many_sprites, many_balls;
-	static render_sprite_type_struct **dirty_list, **sprite_list, **ball_list;
+	static std::vector<render_sprite_type_struct*> dirty_list, sprite_list, ball_list;
 	static zmap_header_type* background_zmap;
 	static int zmap_offset, zmap_offsetY, offset_x, offset_y;
 	static float zscaler, zmin, zmax;
 	static rectangle_type vscreen_rect;
-	static gdrv_bitmap8 ball_bitmap[20];
-	static zmap_header_type zscreen;
+	static gdrv_bitmap8 *ball_bitmap[20];
+	static zmap_header_type* zscreen;
 	static SDL_Texture* vScreenTex;
 
 	static void repaint(struct render_sprite_type_struct* sprite);
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/score.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/score.cpp
index c715ddb..7e9d0e6 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/score.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/score.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "EmbeddedData.h"
 #include "fullscrn.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "GroupData.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 #include "render.h"
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ int score::init()
 
 scoreStruct* score::create(LPCSTR fieldName, gdrv_bitmap8* renderBgBmp)
 {
-	auto score = memory::allocate<scoreStruct>();
+	auto score = new scoreStruct();
 	if (!score)
 		return nullptr;
 	score->Score = -9999;
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ scoreStruct* score::create(LPCSTR fieldName, gdrv_bitmap8* renderBgBmp)
 	                                                                         FieldTypes::ShortArray));
 	if (!dimensions)
 	{
-		memory::free(score);
+		delete score;
 		return nullptr;
 	}
 	int groupIndex = *dimensions++;
@@ -50,10 +49,7 @@ scoreStruct* score::create(LPCSTR fieldName, gdrv_bitmap8* renderBgBmp)
 
 scoreStruct* score::dup(scoreStruct* score, int scoreIndex)
 {
-	auto result = memory::allocate<scoreStruct>();
-	if (result)
-		memcpy(result, score, sizeof(scoreStruct));
-	return result;
+	return new scoreStruct(*score);
 }
 
 void score::load_msg_font(LPCSTR lpName)
@@ -73,7 +69,7 @@ void score::load_msg_font_3DPB(LPCSTR lpName)
 	auto rcData = reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(ImFontAtlas::DecompressCompressedBase85Data(
 		EmbeddedData::PB_MSGFT_bin_compressed_data_base85));
 
-	auto fontp = memory::allocate<score_msg_font_type>();
+	auto fontp = new score_msg_font_type();
 	msg_fontp = fontp;
 	if (!fontp)
 	{
@@ -91,10 +87,10 @@ void score::load_msg_font_3DPB(LPCSTR lpName)
 	}
 
 	auto height = rcData[2];
-	auto tmpCharBur = memory::allocate(maxWidth * height + 4);
+	auto tmpCharBur = new char[maxWidth * height + 4];
 	if (!tmpCharBur)
 	{
-		memory::free(msg_fontp);
+		delete msg_fontp;
 		msg_fontp = nullptr;
 		IM_FREE(rcData);
 		return;
@@ -111,19 +107,8 @@ void score::load_msg_font_3DPB(LPCSTR lpName)
 		if (!width)
 			continue;
 
-		auto bmp = memory::allocate<gdrv_bitmap8>();
+		auto bmp = new gdrv_bitmap8(width, height, true);
 		msg_fontp->Chars[charInd] = bmp;
-		if (!bmp)
-		{
-			break;
-		}
-
-		if (gdrv::create_bitmap(bmp, width, height, width))
-		{
-			memory::free(bmp);
-			msg_fontp->Chars[charInd] = nullptr;
-			break;
-		}
 
 		auto sizeInBytes = height * width + 1;
 		memcpy(tmpCharBur + 3, ptrToData, sizeInBytes);
@@ -139,7 +124,7 @@ void score::load_msg_font_3DPB(LPCSTR lpName)
 		}
 	}
 
-	memory::free(tmpCharBur);
+	delete[] tmpCharBur;
 	IM_FREE(rcData);
 	if (charInd != 128)
 		unload_msg_font();
@@ -152,7 +137,7 @@ void score::load_msg_font_FT(LPCSTR lpName)
 	int groupIndex = pb::record_table->record_labeled(lpName);
 	if (groupIndex < 0)
 		return;
-	msg_fontp = reinterpret_cast<score_msg_font_type*>(memory::allocate(sizeof(score_msg_font_type)));
+	msg_fontp = new score_msg_font_type();
 	if (!msg_fontp)
 		return;
 
@@ -179,15 +164,11 @@ void score::unload_msg_font()
 	{
 		/*3DBP creates bitmaps, FT just references them from partman*/
 		if (!pb::FullTiltMode)
-			for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++)
+			for (auto& Char : msg_fontp->Chars)
 			{
-				if (msg_fontp->Chars[i])
-				{
-					gdrv::destroy_bitmap(msg_fontp->Chars[i]);
-					memory::free(msg_fontp->Chars[i]);
-				}
+				delete Char;
 			}
-		memory::free(msg_fontp);
+		delete msg_fontp;
 		msg_fontp = nullptr;
 	}
 }
@@ -198,7 +179,7 @@ void score::erase(scoreStruct* score, int blitFlag)
 	{
 		if (score->BackgroundBmp)
 			gdrv::copy_bitmap(
-				&render::vscreen,
+				render::vscreen,
 				score->Width,
 				score->Height,
 				score->OffsetX,
@@ -207,7 +188,7 @@ void score::erase(scoreStruct* score, int blitFlag)
 				score->OffsetX,
 				score->OffsetY);
 		else
-			gdrv::fill_bitmap(&render::vscreen, score->Width, score->Height, score->OffsetX, score->OffsetY, 0);
+			gdrv::fill_bitmap(render::vscreen, score->Width, score->Height, score->OffsetX, score->OffsetY, 0);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -242,9 +223,9 @@ void score::update(scoreStruct* score)
 				int height = bmp->Height;
 				int width = bmp->Width;
 				if (render::background_bitmap)
-					gdrv::copy_bitmap_w_transparency(&render::vscreen, width, height, x, y, bmp, 0, 0);
+					gdrv::copy_bitmap_w_transparency(render::vscreen, width, height, x, y, bmp, 0, 0);
 				else
-					gdrv::copy_bitmap(&render::vscreen, width, height, x, y, bmp, 0, 0);
+					gdrv::copy_bitmap(render::vscreen, width, height, x, y, bmp, 0, 0);
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/timer.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/timer.cpp
index ad97b0c..bfbd25c 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/timer.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/timer.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "timer.h"
 
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "pb.h"
 
 int timer::SetCount;
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ timer_struct* timer::TimerBuffer;
 
 int timer::init(int count)
 {
-	auto buf = memory::allocate<timer_struct>(count);
+	auto buf = new timer_struct[count];
 	TimerBuffer = buf;
 	if (!buf)
 		return 1;
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ int timer::init(int count)
 
 void timer::uninit()
 {
-	if (TimerBuffer)
-		memory::free(TimerBuffer);
+	delete[] TimerBuffer;
 	TimerBuffer = nullptr;
 }
 
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.cpp
index 970aba9..16ac96a 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "winmain.h"
 
 #include "fullscrn.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "midi.h"
 #include "pinball.h"
 #include "options.h"
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ int winmain::no_time_loss;
 
 bool winmain::restart = false;
 
-gdrv_bitmap8 winmain::gfr_display{};
+gdrv_bitmap8* winmain::gfr_display = nullptr;
 std::string winmain::DatFileName;
 bool winmain::ShowAboutDialog = false;
 bool winmain::ShowImGuiDemo = false;
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 	restart = false;
 	bQuit = false;
 
-	memory::init(memalloc_failure);
+	std::set_new_handler(memalloc_failure);
 
 	// SDL init
 	SDL_SetMainReady();
@@ -117,8 +116,6 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 
 	// PB init from message handler
 	{
-		++memory::critical_allocation;
-
 		options::init();
 		auto voiceCount = options::get_int("Voices", 8);
 		if (Sound::Init(voiceCount))
@@ -136,8 +133,6 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 		}
 
 		fullscrn::init();
-
-		--memory::critical_allocation;
 	}
 
 	pb::reset_table();
@@ -182,7 +177,7 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 
 		if (DispGRhistory)
 		{
-			if (!gfr_display.BmpBufPtr1)
+			if (!gfr_display)
 			{
 				auto plt = static_cast<ColorRgba*>(malloc(1024u));
 				auto pltPtr = &plt[10];
@@ -199,14 +194,14 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 				}
 				gdrv::display_palette(plt);
 				free(plt);
-				gdrv::create_bitmap(&gfr_display, 400, 15, 400, false);
+				gfr_display = new gdrv_bitmap8(400, 15, false);
 			}
 
 			if (!dtHistoryCounter)
 			{
 				dtHistoryCounter = 300;
-				gdrv::copy_bitmap(&render::vscreen, 300, 10, 0, 30, &gfr_display, 0, 0);
-				gdrv::fill_bitmap(&gfr_display, 300, 10, 0, 0, 0);
+				gdrv::copy_bitmap(render::vscreen, 300, 10, 0, 30, gfr_display, 0, 0);
+				gdrv::fill_bitmap(gfr_display, 300, 10, 0, 0, 0);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -227,7 +222,7 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 				auto deltaT = static_cast<int>(frameDuration);
 				frameDuration -= deltaT;
 				pb::frame(deltaT);
-				if (gfr_display.BmpBufPtr1)
+				if (gfr_display)
 				{
 					auto deltaTPal = deltaT + 10;
 					auto fillChar = static_cast<uint8_t>(deltaTPal);
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 					{
 						fillChar = 1;
 					}
-					gdrv::fill_bitmap(&gfr_display, 1, 10, 300 - dtHistoryCounter, 0, fillChar);
+					gdrv::fill_bitmap(gfr_display, 1, 10, 300 - dtHistoryCounter, 0, fillChar);
 					--dtHistoryCounter;
 				}
 				updateCounter++;
@@ -289,7 +284,7 @@ int winmain::WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine)
 		}
 	}
 
-	gdrv::destroy_bitmap(&gfr_display);
+	delete gfr_display;
 	options::uninit();
 	midi::music_shutdown();
 	pb::uninit();
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.h
index f40f42d..d99a98c 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/winmain.h
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public:
 
 	static int WinMain(LPCSTR lpCmdLine);
 	static int event_handler(const SDL_Event* event);
-	static void memalloc_failure();
+	[[ noreturn ]] static void memalloc_failure();
 	static int ProcessWindowMessages();
 	static void a_dialog();
 	static void end_pause();
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public:
 private:
 	static int return_value, bQuit, DispFrameRate, DispGRhistory, activated;
 	static int has_focus, mouse_down, last_mouse_x, last_mouse_y, no_time_loss;
-	static gdrv_bitmap8 gfr_display;
+	static gdrv_bitmap8* gfr_display;
 	static std::string FpsDetails;
 	static bool restart;
 	static bool ShowAboutDialog;
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.cpp b/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.cpp
index 5b1ab21..470190c 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.cpp
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "zdrv.h"
-#include "memory.h"
 #include "winmain.h"
 
 
-int zdrv::create_zmap(zmap_header_type* zmap, int width, int height, int stride)
+zmap_header_type::zmap_header_type(int width, int height, int stride)
 {
-	zmap->Width = width;
-	zmap->Height = height;
-	zmap->Stride = stride >= 0 ? stride : pad(width);
-	zmap->Texture = nullptr;
-
-	zmap->ZPtr1 = memory::allocate<unsigned short>(zmap->Stride * zmap->Height);
-	return zmap->ZPtr1 ? 0 : -1;
+	Resolution = 0;
+	Width = width;
+	Height = height;
+	Stride = stride >= 0 ? stride : pad(width);
+	Texture = nullptr;
+	ZPtr1 = new unsigned short[Stride * Height];
 }
 
-int zdrv::pad(int width)
+zmap_header_type::~zmap_header_type()
+{
+	delete[] ZPtr1;
+	if (Texture)
+		SDL_DestroyTexture(Texture);
+}
+
+int zmap_header_type::pad(int width)
 {
 	int result = width;
 	if (width & 3)
@@ -23,17 +28,6 @@ int zdrv::pad(int width)
 	return result;
 }
 
-int zdrv::destroy_zmap(zmap_header_type* zmap)
-{
-	if (!zmap)
-		return -1;
-	if (zmap->ZPtr1)
-		memory::free(zmap->ZPtr1);
-	if (zmap->Texture)
-		SDL_DestroyTexture(zmap->Texture);
-	memset(zmap, 0, sizeof(zmap_header_type));
-	return 0;
-}
 
 void zdrv::fill(zmap_header_type* zmap, int width, int height, int xOff, int yOff, uint16_t fillWord)
 {
diff --git a/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.h b/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.h
index fafe2bb..85cc08a 100644
--- a/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.h
+++ b/SpaceCadetPinball/zdrv.h
@@ -3,20 +3,21 @@
 
 struct zmap_header_type
 {
+	zmap_header_type(int width, int height, int stride);
+	~zmap_header_type();
 	int Width;
 	int Height;
 	int Stride;
 	unsigned Resolution;
 	uint16_t* ZPtr1;
 	SDL_Texture* Texture;
+private:
+	static int pad(int width);
 };
 
 class zdrv
 {
 public:
-	static int pad(int width);
-	static int create_zmap(zmap_header_type* zmap, int width, int height, int stride = -1);
-	static int destroy_zmap(zmap_header_type* zmap);
 	static void fill(zmap_header_type* zmap, int width, int height, int xOff, int yOff, uint16_t fillWord);
 	static void paint(int width, int height, gdrv_bitmap8* dstBmp, int dstBmpXOff, int dstBmpYOff,
 	                  zmap_header_type* dstZMap, int dstZMapXOff, int dstZMapYOff, gdrv_bitmap8* srcBmp, int srcBmpXOff,